LUDWIG FEUERBACH AND THE END OF 
                       CLASSICAL GERMAN PHILOSOPHY 
 
                           by Frederick Engels 
 
 
                            first written 1886 
                   first published in _Neue Zeit, 1886 
 
            etext follows the 1888 Stuttgart edition, which was 
          revised by Engels, as translated by Progress Publishers 
 
 
                                 Footnotes 
 
[1]  Note by Engels: _Ludwig Feuerbach_, by K.N.Starcke, Ph.D., 
     Stuttgart, Ferd. Enke.  1885.  
 
[2]  Engels had in mind Heine's remarks on the "German philosophical 
     revolution" contained in the latter's sketches _Zur Geschichte der 
     Religion und Philosophie in Deutschland_ (On the History of 
     Religion and Philosophy in Germany), written in 1833.  
 
[3]  The _Deutsche Jahrbucher fur Wissenschaft und Kunst_ (German 
     Annuals of Science and Art): Organ of the Young Hegelians edited by 
     A. Ruge and T. Echtermeyer, and published in Leipzig from 1841 to 
     1843.  
 
[4]  Engels refers to Max Stirner's (pseudonym for Kaspar Schmidt) _Der 
     Einzige und sein Eigentum_ (The Ego and His Own), which appeared in 
     1845.  
 
[5]  Feuerbach's _Das Wesen des Christentums_ (The Essence of 
     Christianity) appeared in Leipzig in 1841. 
 
[6]  The full title of this book by Marx and Engels is: _Die Heilige 
     Familie oder Kritik der kritischen Kritik.  Gegen Bruno Bauer und 
     Konsorten_  (The Holy Family, or a Criticism of Critical Criticism. 
     Against Bruno Bauer and and Co.).  It was originally published in 
     Frankfort on the Main in 1845. 
 
[7]  Note by Engels:  Among savages and lower barbarians the idea is 
     still universal that the human forms which appear in dreams are 
     souls which have temporarily left their bodies; the real man is, 
     therefore, held responsible for acts committed by his dream 
     apparition against the dreamer.  Thus Imthurn found this belief 
     current, for example, among the Indians of Guiana in 1884.  
 
[8]  Phlogistic Theory: The theory prevailing in chemistry during the 
     17th and 18th centuries that combiustion takes place due to the 
     presence in certain bodies of a special substance named phlogiston.  
 
[9]  The schoolmaster of Sadowa: An expression currently used by German 
     bourgeois publicists after the victory of the Prussians at Sadowa 
     (in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866), the implications being that 
     the Prussian victory was to be attributed to the superiority of the 
     Prussian system of public education.  
 
[10] Note by Engels: Here I may be permitted to make a personal 
     explanation.  Lately repeated reference has been made to my share 
     in this theory, and so I can hardly avoid saying a few words here 
     to settle this point.  I cannot deny that both before and during my 
     40 years' collaboration with Marx I had a certain independent share 
     in laying the foundation of the theory, and more particularly in 
     its elaboration.  But the greater part of its leading basic 
     principles, especially in the realm of economics and history, and, 
     above all, their final trenchant formulation, belong to Marx.  What 
     I contributed -- at any rate with the exception of my work in a few 
     special fields -- Marx could very well have done without me.  What 
     Marx accomplished I would not have achieved.  Marx stood higher, 
     saw further, and took a wider and quicker view than all the rest of 
     us.  Marx was a genius; we others were at best talented.  Without 
     him the theory would not be by far what it is today.  If therefore 
     rightly bears his name.  
 
[11] Note by Engels: See _Das Wesen der menschlichen Kopfarbeit, 
     dargestellt von einem Handarbeiter_ [The Nature of Human Brainwork, 
     Described by a Manual Worker].  Hamburg, Meissner.  
 
[12] Albingenses: A religious sect which, during the 12th and 13th 
     centuries, directed a movement against the Roman Catholic Church.  
     The name is derived from the town of Albi, in the south of France.  
 
[13] "The new little German Empire": This term is applied to the German 
     Empire without Austria, which arose in 1871, under Prussian 
     hegemony.  
 
 
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